India is home to one of the richest biodiversities on the planet, harboring thousands of species across forests, mountains, wetlands, and grasslands. Iconic animals like the Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and one-horned rhinoceros are national symbols but also conservation priorities due to threats from habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict. India has established an extensive network of protected areas, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and tiger reserves, managed by the Wildlife Protection Act and government agencies. Successful conservation stories like Project Tiger have helped stabilize tiger populations in recent decades. Community involvement and eco-tourism play growing roles in sustaining habitats and creating livelihoods. However, rapid urbanization, infrastructure projects, and climate change pose ongoing threats to wildlife corridors and ecosystems. Conservationists also face challenges balancing development needs with environmental protection. India’s rich cultural respect for nature, reflected in many religious traditions, supports conservation ethics, but modern pressures require innovative solutions. Conservation technology, such as camera traps, drones, and GPS tracking, is enhancing monitoring and anti-poaching efforts. Protecting India’s natural heritage is critical not only for ecological balance but also for future generations and global biodiversity.