Sleep disorders are conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns, leading to daytime fatigue, cognitive impairment, and reduced quality of life. Some common sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy.

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. Causes range from stress and anxiety to poor sleep hygiene. Behavioral changes such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding screens before bedtime, and creating a relaxing environment can help manage mild insomnia.

Sleep apnea involves repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, often causing loud snoring and excessive daytime tiredness. It can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. Diagnosis often requires a sleep study, and treatment may include lifestyle changes, CPAP machines, or surgery.

Restless leg syndrome causes uncomfortable sensations and an urge to move the legs, particularly at night. Managing this condition may involve lifestyle changes, iron supplementation, or medications.

Narcolepsy, a neurological disorder causing sudden sleep attacks, requires specialized medical treatment.

Improving sleep hygiene is a common recommendation across disorders: limit caffeine and alcohol intake, avoid heavy meals before bed, and engage in regular physical activity.

If sleep problems persist, consulting a healthcare provider or sleep specialist is important for diagnosis and personalized treatment.